@article{186156,
  author = {Zane Martin and Isla Simpson and Pu Lin and Clara Orbe and Qi Tang and Julie Caron and Chih-Chieh Chen and Hyemi Kim and Ruby Leung and Jadwiga Richter and Shaocheng Xie},
  title = {The Lack of a QBO-MJO Connection in Climate Models With a Nudged Stratosphere},
  abstract = {<p>The observed stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the tropospheric Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) are strongly connected in boreal winter, with stronger MJO activity when lower-stratospheric winds are easterly. However, the current generation of climate models with internally generated representations of the QBO and MJO do not simulate the observed QBO-MJO connection, for reasons that remain unclear. This study builds on prior work exploring the QBO-MJO link in climate models whose stratospheric winds are relaxed toward reanalysis, reducing stratospheric biases in the model and imposing a realistic QBO. A series of ensemble experiments are performed using four state-of-the-art climate models capable of representing the MJO over the period 1980{\textendash}2015, each with similar nudging in the stratosphere. In these four models, nudging leads to a good representation of QBO wind and temperature signals, however no model simulates the observed QBO-MJO relationship. Biases in MJO vertical structure and cloud-radiative feedbacks are investigated, but no conclusive model bias or mechanism is identified that explains the lack of a QBO-MJO connection.</p>
},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysics Research Atmosphere},
  volume = {128},
  pages = {e2023JD038722},
  url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JD038722},
}